中国再生资源战略升级丨构建废弃物循环体系·保障国家资源安全
China's Strategic Upgrade in Recycling丨Creating a Waste Recycling System · Ensuring National Resource Security
发布时间：2025-06-13 15:59 推广来源：中国报道
Release Time:June 13, 2025, 15:59 (GMT+8) Source:China Report
本文转自《中国报道》2025年06月24日报道《“一带一路”：人类文明前进的强大力量》，原文链接：http://www.chinareports.org.cn/index/news/49357.html，若读者发现翻译内容与原文存在不一致或有疑问之处，欢迎随时与我们沟通交流，我们将及时进行修正和改进。
This article is reproduced from China Reports, dated June 24, 2025, titled ""The Belt and Road Initiative": A Strong Driving Force for the Progress of Human Civilization" . For the original text, please visit: http://www.chinareports.org.cn/index/news/49357.html. Should you spot any inconsistencies or have any queries regarding the translation, please feel free to contact us for a prompt revision and enhancement.
当前，世界百年大变局加速变化，中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。国际政治格局和国际关系深刻调整变化，全球治理体系正深刻变革，资源安全正成为各国关注的重点。
Today, the once - in - a - century global transformation is accelerating, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process. The international political landscape and international relations are undergoing profound adjustments. The global governance system is experiencing a profound transformation, and resource security is becoming a key focus for countries around the world.
习近平总书记指出：“绿色低碳发展，这是潮流趋势，顺之者昌。”可再生能源是天然的绿色能源。当下，资源消耗所引发的环境问题愈发受到关注，这使得再生资源回收利用行业逐渐成为全球瞩目焦点。对废弃物、废旧材料、废弃设备及废弃能源等资源的综合利用，包括分类、收集、运输、加工直至最终利用的完整产业链，直接转化为新的原材料或能源，对国家资源保障与资源安全有重大现实意义。
General Secretary Xi Jinping has noted: "Green and low - carbon development is the trend. Those who follow it will prosper." Renewable energy is a natural green energy source. As resource - consumption - related environmental problems gain global attention, the renewable resources recycling industry is becoming a global focus. The comprehensive utilization of waste, scrap materials, discarded equipment, and waste energy - covering sorting, collection, transportation, processing, and final use - directly converts them into new raw materials or energy. This has significant practical importance for national resource security and assurance.
国办发文加快绿色转型，构建废弃物循环利用体系
The State Council has issued a document to accelerate the green transition and establish a circular utilization system for waste.
2024年2月，国务院办公厅印发《关于加快构建废弃物循环利用体系的意见》，明确提出到2025年初步建成覆盖各领域、各环节的废弃物循环利用体系，到2030年建成覆盖全面、运转高效、规范有序的废弃物循环利用体系。构建废弃物循环利用体系是实施全面节约战略、保障国家资源安全、积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和、加快发展方式绿色转型的重要举措。
In February 2024, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Establishment of a Waste Recycling System". It proposes initially building a waste recycling system covering all fields and processes by 2025, and developing a comprehensive, efficient, and well - regulated system by 2030. This initiative is key for the comprehensive resource conservation strategy, national resource security, achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, and promoting a green economic transformation.
《意见》为中国再生资源战略升级，提供了明确的路线图和时间计划。
The "Opinions" offers a clear roadmap and timeline for China's strategic upgrade in recycling resources.
《意见》明确：到2025年，初步建成覆盖各领域、各环节的废弃物循环利用体系，主要废弃物循环利用取得积极进展。尾矿、粉煤灰、煤矸石、冶炼渣、工业副产石膏、建筑垃圾、秸秆等大宗固体废弃物年利用量达到40亿吨，新增大宗固体废弃物综合利用率达到60%。废钢铁、废铜、废铝、废铅、废锌、废纸、废塑料、废橡胶、废玻璃等主要再生资源年利用量达到4.5亿吨。资源循环利用产业年产值达到5万亿元。
The "Opinions" specifies that by 2025, China will have established a preliminary waste recycling system covering all fields and processes, with significant progress in recycling major types of waste. It sets targets of utilizing 4 billion tons annually of bulk solid waste (such as tailings and fly ash) and achieving a 60% utilization rate for new bulk solid waste. It also aims to utilize 450 million tons annually of major recyclable resources (like scrap steel and paper) and reach a yearly output value of 5 trillion yuan in the resource recycling industry.
到2030年，建成覆盖全面、运转高效、规范有序的废弃物循环利用体系，各类废弃物资源价值得到充分挖掘，再生材料在原材料供给中的占比进一步提升，资源循环利用产业规模、质量显著提高，废弃物循环利用水平总体居于世界前列。
By 2030, China aims to establish a comprehensive, efficient, and well - ordered waste recycling system. The resource value of various wastes will be fully utilized, with recycled materials taking a larger share in raw material supply. The scale and quality of the resource recycling industry will be significantly enhanced, and China's waste recycling level will rank among the world's best.
通过再生资源战略升级和构建废弃物循环利用体系，不仅能够有效保障国家资源安全，还能推动经济的绿色转型和可持续发展。
Upgrading resource recycling strategies and establishing waste recycling systems not only effectively safeguard national resource security, but also promote the green economic transformation and sustainable development.
全球再生资源市场持续增长，再生资源助力国家资源安全
The global recycled - resources market is growing. Recycled resources boost national resource security.
再生资源是指在生产与生活过程中失去原有使用价值的废弃物，经过回收、加工和处理后，可重新获得使用价值并重新进入商品和资源的流通体系的资源。再生资源回收以物资不断循环利用的经济发展模式，以节约、低成本和高利用价值，正在成为全球潮流和各个大国可持续发展的战略。
Recyclable resources, waste materials that lose their original value during production and daily life, can be reused after proper recycling, processing, and treatment. Their recycling promotes a circular economic model characterized by resource conservation, low - cost, and high - value - added utilization. This model is gaining global momentum and becoming a key strategy for sustainable development among major countries.
从资源类型来看，再生资源回收主要分为金属类、非金属类和废旧电子电气机械设备三大类，这些资源的回收利用对于推动资源可持续利用和循环经济发展具有重要意义。
From the perspective of resource types, the recycling of recyclable resources is mainly divided into three categories: metals, non - metals, and waste electrical and mechanical equipment. The recycling and utilization of these resources are of great significance for promoting resource sustainability and the development of a circular economy.
2025年，全球再生资源市场持续增长，铁和钢回收占市场比重的57.0%，汽车回收占52.5%。中国、印度和东南亚国家等新兴经济体因为工业发展需要，成为再生铜铝原料进口的新引擎动力。中国在“十四五”规划将再生资源利用率目标提升至60%，地方政府配套补贴与碳积分制度加速产业转型。
In 2025, the global recycled resources market keeps growing. Iron and steel recycling makes up 57.0% of the market, and automobile recycling 52.5%. Emerging economies like China, India, and Southeast Asian countries are driving imports of recycled copper and aluminum due to industrial needs. China's "14th Five - Year Plan" aims to increase recycled resources utilization to 60%. Local governments are offering subsidies and carbon credit systems to speed up industrial transformation.
2024年，可再生能源在全球新增发电装机容量中的占比达92.5%，较2023年的85.8%大幅提升。全球可再生能源新增装机容量达到700吉瓦，连续第22年刷新纪录。作为全球再生资源行业的重要参与者，中国在2024年废钢铁、废有色金属、废塑料等十个品种的再生资源回收总量约为3.76亿吨，同比增加1.5%。
In 2024, renewable energy accounted for 92.5% of new global power generation capacity, up from 85.8% in 2023. Global newly - added renewable energy capacity reached 700 gigawatts, setting a record for the 22nd consecutive year. As a significant player in the global recycled resources industry, China recycled approximately 366 million tons of ten major recycled resources, including scrap steel, non - ferrous metals, and plastics in 2024, marking a 1.5% year - on - year increase.
资源安全是一个国家或地区可以持续、稳定、及时、足量和经济地获取所需自然资源的状态，没有足够的资源，国家将难以为继。资源安全在国家安全中占有基础地位，也是国家和人类生存与发展的不可或缺的自然物质，是国家发展存在的生命线。
Resource security reflects a nation's or region's ability to sustainably, stably, and timely access sufficient natural resources at an affordable cost. Without adequate resources, a country's long - term development is at risk. Resource security is a cornerstone of national security. It provides the essential natural material foundation for the survival and development of both nations and humanity, acting as a lifeline for national development.
再生资源的循环利用构建了有效的资源利用闭环模式，减少了对原生资源的开采依赖，从而有效降低了对原生资源的依赖。在个别领域，再生资源的回收规模已经部分替代了原生资源，极大地减少了对原生资源的依赖；再生资源的循环利用还能提升资源供应的稳定性。当国际资源市场出现价格波动或供应受限时，再生资源能够发挥关键的补充作用，有效降低因外部供应中断所带来的风险。
Recycled - resource recycling makes resource - utilization cycles more closed - loop, lessening reliance on virgin - resource extraction. In some fields, recycled - resource recovery has partly replaced virgin resources, thus cutting virgin - resource dependence. Recycled - resource recycling also enhances resource - supply stability. When international - resource - market price fluctuations or supply restrictions occur, recycled resources can play a key supplementary role, effectively reducing the risks caused by external - supply disruptions.
再生资源的循环利用还能优化资源利用效能。借助对废弃物的精细化管理和高效转化，充分释放废弃物中的潜在资源价值，从而提升资源的整体利用水平，降低资源浪费现象。
Recycled - resource recycling optimizes resource - utilization efficiency. Through refined waste management and efficient conversion, it fully unlocks the potential resource value in waste, improves overall resource - utilization levels, and reduces resource waste.
坚持总体国家安全观，做好再生资源创新与安全工作
Adhere to the general concept of national security and ensure innovation and safety in recyclable resource utilization.
2014年4月15日，习近平总书记在中央国家安全委员会第一次会议上创造性提出总体国家安全观，强调当前我国国家安全内涵和外延比历史上任何时候都要丰富，时空领域比历史上任何时候都要宽广，内外因素比历史上任何时候都要复杂。这是中国国家安全战略的创举。
On April 15, 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping creatively put forward the concept of the general national security outlook at the first meeting of the Central National Security Commission, emphasizing that the connotation and extension of China's national security are richer, the spatiotemporal fields are broader, and the internal and external factors are more complex than at any time in history. This is a pioneering initiative in China's national security strategy.
国家安全是民族复兴的根基，社会稳定是国家强盛的前提。必须坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观，把维护国家安全贯穿党和国家工作各方面全过程，确保国家安全和社会稳定。
National security is essential for national rejuvenation, and social stability is vital for national strength. We must always follow the general national security outlook and integrate national - security maintenance into all aspects and processes of Party and state work to ensure national security and social stability.
总体国家安全观是我们党历史上第一个被确立为国家安全工作指导思想的重大战略思想，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，是新时代国家安全工作的根本遵循和行动指南。
The General National Security Outlook is a key strategic idea. It's the first to be established as the guiding principle for national security work in the history of our Party. As a vital part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, it serves as the fundamental guide and action plan for national security work in the new era.
再生资源回收利用行业在全球范围内蓬勃发展，已成为推动全球经济的重要力量。全球该行业市场规模已突破1万亿美元大关，并预计在未来几年将持续保持强劲增长势头。
The recycling and reuse industry is thriving globally and has become a crucial force for the global economy. With a market size surpassing $1 trillion, it's expected to maintain strong growth in the coming years.
近年来，随着中国经济的迅猛崛起以及对循环经济理念的广泛普及，再生资源回收行业呈现出持续增长的态势。《中国再生资源回收行业发展报告（2024）》的数据显示：2023年我国在废钢铁、废有色金属、废塑料、废纸、废轮胎、废弃电器电子产品、报废机动车、废旧纺织品、废玻璃以及废电池（不含铅酸电池）等十大类再生资源的回收总量，达到了约3.76亿吨，较上一年增长了1.5%，再生资源回收的总金额约为1.30万亿元。在全球经济增速放缓以及资源价格下跌的双重压力下，我国再生资源回收行业依然保持了强劲的增长动力。
In recent years, with the rapid rise of China's economy and the widespread promotion of the circular economy concept, the renewable resource recycling industry has demonstrated sustained growth momentum. According to data from the Development Report on China's Renewable Resource Recycling Industry (2024): In 2023, China's total recycling volume of ten major categories of renewable resources—including scrap steel, non-ferrous metal scrap, waste plastics, waste paper, end-of-life tires, waste electrical and electronic products, end-of-life vehicles, waste textiles, waste glass, and waste batteries (excluding lead-acid batteries)—reached approximately 376 million metric tons, marking a 1.5% increaseyear-on-year. The total recycling revenue amounted to approximately RMB 1.30 trillion. Despite facing dual pressures of slowing global economic growth and declining resource prices, China’s renewable resource recycling industry maintained strong growth momentum.
2023年，废钢铁以63.24%的占比成为回收量最大的品类，占据再生资源回收行业中核心地位。废纸占比达到17.9%，成为造纸业的关键原料来源，其对于节约森林资源、减少环境负担具有深远意义。废塑料和废有色金属也占据了一定比例，分别为5.05%和3.85%。尽管废塑料种类繁多、回收难度较大，但其合理回收利用对于减少白色污染、推动塑料循环经济至关重要。同时，废铜和废铝作为废有色金属中的主要回收品种，也具有重要意义。
In 2023, scrap steel emerged as the most recycled category, accounting for 63.24%of the total and occupying a central position in the renewable resource recycling industry. Waste paper constituted 17.9%, serving as a pivotal raw material source for the paper industry, with profound implications for conserving forest resources and reducing environmental burdens. Waste plastics and non-ferrous metal scrap also held significant shares at 5.05%and 3.85%, respectively. Despite the diverse types and recycling challenges of waste plastics, their proper recovery and utilization are critical for mitigating plastic pollution and advancing the plastic circular economy. Meanwhile, copper scrap and aluminum scrap, as the primary recycled varieties within non-ferrous metal scrap, also carry substantial importance.
与传统回收手段不同，当前再生资源行业的技术创新与模式创新，成为驱动再生资源回收行业持续发展的推动力量，重点聚焦于分选、加工及再利用技术的技术优化升级。其目标是提升回收效率、增强产品质量，并降低回收成本。智能化与信息技术的深度应用将加速行业的智能化转型进程，进一步提高回收效率与精准度。互联网、物联网等新技术的融入将推动回收模式的多元化发展，例如线上回收平台、智能回收箱等新型回收方式的出现，将极大地便利消费者参与回收活动，从而显著提升回收率。
Unlike traditional recycling methods, technological and model innovations in the renewable resource sector have now become the driving force for the industry's sustainable development. These innovations focus on optimizing and upgrading technologies in sorting, processing, and reuse, with the goals of enhancing recycling efficiency, improving product quality, and reducing operational costs. The deep integration of intelligent and information technologieswill accelerate the industry's intelligent transformation, further increasing recycling precision and efficiency. The adoption of new technologies such as internet, IoT, and other digital solutionswill diversify recycling models—for instance, emerging approaches like online recycling platformsand smart recycling binswill significantly facilitate consumer participation in recycling activities, thereby boosting recycling rates.
资源安全是国家安全体系的一个重要部分，我们必须有大局观念，坚决维护国家利益和国家安全。在中国式现代化的征程上，我们既要重视传统安全，又重视非传统安全，构建集政治安全、国土安全、军事安全、经济安全、文化安全、社会安全、科技安全、信息安全、生态安全、资源安全、核安全等于一体的国家安全体系。又要勇于创新，打破局部条块分割和小团体利益，服从于国家大局利益和中国式现代化的需要。在新形势下，需要我们进一步做好再生资源的整合创新与安全工作，助力中国式现代化奋力前进，为实现中华民族伟大复兴贡献力量。
Resource security constitutes a vital component of the national security framework. We must adopt a holistic perspective and resolutely safeguard national interests and security. On the journey toward Chinese modernization, it is imperative to prioritize both traditional and non-traditional security, building an integrated national security system encompassing political security, territorial security, military security, economic security, cultural security, social security, sci-tech security, information security, ecological security, resource security, and nuclear security. Moreover, we must demonstrate the courage to innovate, break down fragmented local interests and departmental barriers, and subordinate all efforts to the overarching interests of the nation and the requirements of Chinese modernization. Under new circumstances, it is essential to further enhance the integrated innovation and security of renewable resources, thereby propelling Chinese modernization forward and advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
作者：大国战略课题组（崔传桢、刘丽娜、段星泽）。
Author: Research Group on Major-Country Strategy (Cui Chuanzheng, Liu lina，Duan xingze).
责任编辑：柴晶晶
Responsible Editor: Chai Jingjing
